Figures of speech hindi and english
"A Figures of speech is a deviation from the ordinary use words with a view to increase their effect. "
Figure of speech in hindi
Meaning- Figure of speech का अर्थ "अलंकार " है । इसका मुख्य कार्य वाक्य के कथन की शोभा बढाना है । जिस प्रकार शरीर की शोभा बढाने के लिए आभूषण धारण किए जाते है उसी प्रकार भाषा को सुन्दर और सजीव बनाने के लिए अलंकार (Figures of speech) का प्रयोग होता है |
DEFINITION OF FIGURE OF SPEECH
1. J.C.Nesfield: "A figure of speech is a deviation from the ordinary use of words with a view to increase their effect."
2. P.C.Wren and H. Martin- "A Figure of speech is a departure from the ordinary from of expression or the ordinary course of ideas in order to produce effect."
KINDS OF FIGURES OF SPEECH
1. Simile ( उपमा)
2. Metaphor ( रूपक )
3. Personification ( मानवीकरण )
4. Apostrophe ( सम्बोधन )
5. Oxymoron ( विरोधाभास )
6. Onomatopoeia ( ध्वन्यात्मक )
7. Hyperbole( अतिशयोक्ति )
Figure of speech with example
SIMILE (उपमा) FIGURE OF SPEECH
In a simile a comparison is a made between two different objects which have,at least, one point in common.
It is introduced by such words as like,as,so,or as...as,so...as,etc
उपमा (simile) में दो भिन्न भिन्न जाति की वस्तुओं (या प्राणियों, या स्थानों) में तुलना की जाती है जिसमें कम से कम एक गुण की समानता हो।
इसमें ऐसे शब्दों; जैसे- like, so , as, or as......as, so....as आदि; का प्रयोग होता है ।
EXAMPLES
1. His language is sweet like honey.
2. The night is dark as a black stone.
3. She is as fresh as dew.
4. O my love's like a red,rose.
Note- ("A comparison of two things of the same kind is not a simile".)
(एक ही जाति की दो वस्तुओं की तुलना simile नहीं होती ।)
EXAMPLES OF SIMILE
1. I wondered lonely as a cloud. (Wordsworth)
2. The Assyrian come down like a wolf on the fold.
3.she is beautiful as a rose.
4. Your face is as a book where man
May read strange matters. (Shakespeare)
5. It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven.
6. As shines the moon in the clouded skie.
She in her poor attire was seen. (Tennyson)
7. How far that little candle throws his beams!
So shines a good deed in a naughty world. (Shakespeare)
8. She falls like a tear from the eyes of bride.
9. We are all like swimmers on the sea of life.
10. Like the dew on the mountain,
Like the foam on the river,
Like the bubble on the fountain,
Thou art gone and for ever.
METAPHOR (रुपक) FIGURE OF SPEECH
In a metaphor two things of the different kinds are compared but words of comparison-so, like or as, are not used at all.
रूपक अलंकार में दो भिन्न प्रकार की वस्तुओं की तुलना की जाती है, किन्तु तुलनात्मक शब्द so, like or as आदि का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है; जैसे-
1.Our eldest son is the star of the family.
2. Life is but a walking shadow.
3. Sardar Patel was a man of iron will.
4. Friendship is a sheltering tree.
OTHER DEFINE OF METAPHOR- A Metaphor is a compressed Simile, it expresses compression without such words as like, so and as.
EXAMPLES OF METAPHOR-
1. Revenge is a kind of wild justice. (H.Martin)
2. I see a lily on the brow.
3. His rash policy let loose the dogs of war. (F.T. Wood)
4. The wish is father to the thought. (Row and Webb)
5. We must be guided by the light of nature.
6. Can't thou not minister to a mind deceased,
Pluck from the memory a rooted sorrow?
7. She is a fen of stagnant water.
8. Love is the spice of life.
9. He that loves a rosy cheek
OR a coral lip admires.
10. Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India.
PERSONIFICATION (मानवीकरण) FIGURE OF SPEECH
In personification lifeless objects or abstract ideas are spoken of as having life and intelligence.
मानवीकरण ( में निर्जीव वस्तु अथवा भावनात्मक विचारों का इस प्रकार वर्णन किया गया है, जैसे उसमें जीवन है ।
Or
Personification is a figure in which inanimate objects and abstract ideas or qualities are spoken of as if they were persons having life and intelligence.
(NOTE- Personification में निर्जीव वस्तु को सजीव मान लिया जाता है ।) जैसे;
1. A lie has no legs.
2. Love is blind.
3. Pride goes before a fall.
4. Opportunity knocks the door but once.
PERSONIFICATION FIGURE OF SPEECH
1. Death lays his icy hand on kings. (Shelley)
2. Experience is the best teacher.
3. Anxiety is sitting on her face.
4. Time and tide wait for none.
5. The river glideth at his own sweet will. (Wordsworth)
6. I am the daughter of earth and water. (Shelley)
7. Can Honour's voice provoke the silent dust,
Or Flattery soothe the dull cold ear of death. (Gray)
8. Yonder comes the powerful king of day rejoicing in the east.
9. Hope springs eternal in human breast.
10. Sorrow captured his heart.
APOSTROPHE (सम्बोधन) FIGURE OF SPEECH
J.C.Nesfield - " By this figure of speech the speaker address some inanimate thing or some abstract idea as if it were a living person or some absent person as if he were present."
"An Apostrophe is a direct address to the dead, to the absent or to a personified object or idea.
सम्बोधन ( में मृतक, अनुपस्थिति, मानवीय गुण वाली वस्तु अथवा विचार के प्रति सीधा सम्बोधन होता ( किया जाता) है ।जैसे;
1. O Grave! where is thy victory?
2. Here, O Heaven, my sorrowful tale of miseries.
3. O Duty! Stern daughter of the voice of God!
EXAMPLES OF APOSTROPHE
1.Milton ! Thou shouldst be living at this hour.
2. O World! O Life! O Time!
On whose last steps I climb.
3. O death! Where is thy sting?
4. O Judgement! Tho art fled to british beasts. (Shakespeare)
5. Rome! Thou hast seen much better days.
6. O Mischief! thou art swift.
To enter the thoughts of desperate men.
HYPERBOLE (अतिशयोक्ति ) FIGURE OF SPEECH
Hyperbole means exaggeration. In this figures things are represented as greater or less than they really are.
जब किसी बात को बहुत बढाकर या घटाकर कहा जाता है, तब Hyperbole वाक्य कहा जाता है ।
She wept oceans of tears.
उदाहरण- वह इतना रोया कि दरिया बह गया ।
EXAMPLES OF HYPERBOLE
1. All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.
2. He ran faster than the wind.
3. Building of this city touch the sky.
4. Ten thousand saw I at a glance. ( Wordsmith)
5. The world grew dark as she loosened her black hair.
6. The sky shrunk upward with unusual dread. (Dryden)
7. I have not seen her for ages.
8. They build a nation's pillars deep
And lift them to the sky. (Emerson)
9. Sri Krishna washed the feet of his friend Sudama with his tears.
10. Even the sky shed tears at Gandhijii's death.
OXYMORON (विरोधाभास) FIGURE OF SPEECH
Oxymoron is the Combination of two words of opposite meaning in one expression.
विरोधाभास अलंकार में दो विरोधी अर्थ वाले शब्दों को एक ही कथन मे कहा जाता है ।
According to Bain- "Oxymoron is an association of two words, of phrases having conflicting meaning. "
EXAMPLES OF OXYMORON
1. Life is bitter sweet.
2. She falt sweet pain.
3. He is idly busy these days.
4. He is an innocent criminal.
5. He is conspicuous by his absence.
6. Oh, Death in life! The days are no more.
7. There was wild grace in her behaviour.
8. It was kindest crulety to turn them out.
9. This is an open secret.
10. James I was the wisest fool.
ONOMATOPOEIA (ध्वन्यात्मक) FIGURE OF SPEECH
Onomatopoeia is a figure of speech in which words echo the sound.
वह अलंकार है जिसमें शब्दों की ध्वनि से अर्थ का पता चल जाता है जैसे;
I chatter, chatter, as I flow,
To join the brimming river.
उदाहरण- तो इसमें हमें किसी झरने के पत्थरों पर से बहते हुए पानी की आवाज़ सुनाई देने लगती है ।
EXAMPLES OF ONOMATOPOEIA
1. Cuckoo coo.
2. I babble on the pebbles.
3. The ice cricket and growled and roared and howled.
4. The beauty murmuring sould shall pass into her face.
5. Grunt, Grunt goes the hog.
6. The railway line stretched form horizon to horizon.
7. I heard the water lapping on the crag.
8. The double, double, double beat
Of the thundering drum.
9. The snakes are hissing and the bees are buzzing.
10. The murmurous haunt of flies on summer evers.
Figure of speech example
Or
Point out the figures of speech in the following:
1. I come like water, like wind I go.
2. Sohan is poor but extravagant.
3. A Daniel has come to judgement.
4. He stood as firm as a pillar.
5. O mighty Caesar! Dost thou lie so low.
6.The smiled at the morning sun.
7. Mohd Tuglaq was the wisest fool among the Indian kings
8. How sweet the moonlight sleep.
9. She is lovely like a rose.
10. Rarely! Rarely, comest thou, Spirit of Delight !
11. The wish is father to the thought.
12.A thousand years are as yesterday when it is past.
13. At last they agreed to disagree.
14. There was a sea of human heads on the platform.
15. The ice cracked and glowed and roared and howled.
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